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GNDU Queson Paper 2024
B.A./B.Sc. 5th Semester
RELIGIOUS STUDIES
(Sikh Darshan)
Time Allowed 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note: - Aempt FIVE quesons in all, selecng at least ONE queson from each secon.
The h queson may be aempted from any secon. All quesons carry equal marks
SECTION-A
1. Describe the Sikh idea of ulmate reality.
2. Explain the Sikh concept of creaon.
SECTION-B
3. Explain the concept of Hukam and Bhana.
4. Describe the philosophy of Seva and write on the social funcons of Seva.
SECTION-C
5. Who is Guru as per Sikhism? Write a detailed note on the structure of Sri
Guru Granth Sahib.
6. Write a descripve note on the process of compilaon of Sri Guru Granth Sahib.
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SECTION-D
7. Explain the concept of Sach Khand on the basis of Jap ji Sahib.
8. Write detailed note on Anand Sahib.
GNDU Answer Paper 2024
B.A./B.Sc. 5th Semester
RELIGIOUS STUDIES
(Sikh Darshan)
Time Allowed 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note: - Aempt FIVE quesons in all, selecng at least ONE queson from each secon.
The h queson may be aempted from any secon. All quesons carry equal marks
SECTION-A
1. Describe the Sikh idea of ulmate reality.
Ans: Introducon
In Sikhism, the idea of Ulmate Reality refers to God — the one, formless, eternal, and all-
powerful being who created and controls the universe. Sikhs don’t believe in many gods or
idols. Instead, they believe in one universal God who is beyond birth and death, who is
present in everything, and who is truth itself.
To help you understand this concept easily, let’s break it down using simple language,
examples, and stories.
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1. Who is the Ulmate Reality in Sikhism?
In Sikhism, the Ulmate Reality is God, also called Waheguru. The word “Waheguru” means
“Wondrous Enlightener.” God is the highest reality, and everything in this world comes from
Him.
In the Guru Granth Sahib (the Sikh holy book), the very rst line says:
“Ik Onkar Satnam”
(There is only One God, and His Name is Truth)
This shows that God is One and Truth is His Name. Sikhs believe that God has no shape, no
form, no color, and no gender. He is beyond me and space. But sll, He lives inside every
heart, just like air is everywhere even though we can't see it.
2. God is Formless and Timeless
God has no body. That means you cannot see Him with your eyes, and you cannot touch Him
with your hands. But you can feel His presence through love, meditaon, and good acons.
Example:
Just like electricity, you can’t see it, but you know it’s there because it powers lights, fans,
and computers. Similarly, God is invisible but powerful. He gives life to everything.
God is also Akal Murat — which means He is beyond me. He was never born and will never
die. He is Nirankar — without form. Unlike humans who are born, grow old, and die, God is
forever.
3. God is the Creator of All
Sikhism teaches that everything in this world — trees, rivers, stars, animals, humans — was
created by God. Nothing exists without His will.
Story Example:
Once, a student asked Guru Nanak Dev Ji, “Who made the world?”
Guru Ji smiled and pointed to a clay pot.
He said, “Just as a poer makes a pot with his hands and gives it shape, in the same way,
God made the world and gave it life. But unlike the poer who works with clay, God made
everything from His own will and power.”
So, according to Sikhism, God didn’t need any tools or raw materials to create the world. He
just willed it, and it came into being.
4. God is Present in Everyone (Immanence)
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Another beauful idea in Sikhism is that God lives in every living being. It doesn’t maer if
someone is rich or poor, male or female, Hindu or Muslim — God is in all.
Example:
Imagine the sun. It gives the same light to all — to owers, animals, rivers, and people. The
sun doesn’t choose whom to shine on. Similarly, God is inside all, and He loves all equally.
This idea teaches us to respect every human being, because God lives in them too.
5. God is Love and Compassion
Sikhism teaches that God is not scary or angry — God is loving, kind, forgiving, and full of
compassion. That’s why Sikhs are taught to love God, not fear Him.
Story Example:
A man once came to Guru Arjan Dev Ji and said, “I have made many mistakes in life. Will God
ever forgive me?”
Guru Ji smiled and said, “God is like a mother. Even if a child makes a mistake, the mother
never hates the child. She only wants the child to become beer. God’s love is even greater
than a mother’s love.”
This story shows that God is not just powerful, but also merciful and caring.
6. How to Connect with God?
Sikhs believe that the best way to realize or understand the Ulmate Reality is by:
1. Remembering God's name (Naam Japna)
→ Repeang God’s name (Waheguru) with love and focus
2. Doing honest work (Kirat Karni)
→ Living truthfully and working hard
3. Sharing with others (Vand Chakna)
→ Helping those in need and sharing blessings
When someone follows these steps, their mind becomes clean and calm, and they can feel
the presence of God inside.
7. Is God Male or Female?
God in Sikhism is neither male nor female. Somemes the language used may sound male
(like “He”), but it’s only symbolic. God is beyond gender — He is spirit, energy, and truth.
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Summary of Sikh Belief in Ulmate Reality
Concept
Explanaon
One God
Sikhs believe in one God (Waheguru)
Formless
God has no shape, form, or gender
Eternal
God is beyond birth and death
Creator
God made the enre universe
Present in All
God lives in every heart and soul
Loving & Forgiving
God is full of kindness, not anger
Realized through Love
You can connect with God through Naam Japna and good deeds
2. Explain the Sikh concept of creaon.
Ans: Understanding the Sikh concept of creaon is very important to know how Sikhs see
God, the universe, and our place in it. Sikhism is a monotheisc religion, which means Sikhs
believe in one God who created everything. But the Sikh view is unique, simple, and deeply
spiritual. Let’s break it down step by step from a student's point of view and also use some
examples to make it easier to understand.
1. Who Created the World in Sikhism?
In Sikhism, the world was created by One God, who is called Waheguru. Waheguru means
“Wondrous Enlightener.” He is not born, does not die, and is present everywhere.
• God is not a human or like any living being.
• God is formless (Nirankar), meless (Akal), and beyond birth and death.
In the very rst line of the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of Sikhs, it says:
"Ik Onkar, Satnam, Karta Purakh..."
(There is one God, His name is True, He is the Creator...)
This tells us clearly that there is only one creator and that is God Himself.
2. How Did God Create the Universe?
According to Sikhism, God created the world through His command, known as Hukam.
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" "
(How can one become truthful? By living according to God’s command - Hukam)
So, Sikhism teaches that creaon is not random or from accident, but it happened because
of God’s will.
Example from Gurbani:
" "
(He created the universe with just one word. From Him, millions of rivers (worlds) owed.)
This means that with just one word or one command, Waheguru created everything—space,
me, stars, planets, plants, animals, and humans.
3. Is the World Real or an Illusion?
According to Sikhism, the world is real, but temporary.
• It is real because God created it and God is present in it.
• It is temporary because nothing lasts forever, not even our body or our possessions.
Sikhism does not believe the world is an illusion (like in some other religions). But it teaches
us not to get too aached to the world because our real purpose is to connect with God.
4. Why Did God Create the World?
This is a queson students oen ask: “Why did God create the universe?”
Sikhism answers it beaufully:
• God created the world to express Himself.
• Through creaon, God experiences love, devoon, and connecon with the souls.
Example:
Think of an arst who paints a beauful picture. The arst does not always paint for money
or fame. Somemes, the arst just wants to express their feelings. In the same way,
Waheguru created the world to express His greatness and beauty.
5. Where is God Aer Creaon?
Another important thing Sikhism says is:
God did not go away aer creang the world.
He is sll present in every atom and inside every living being.
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So, when we look at nature, other people, or even ourselves, we are seeing God’s presence.
That’s why Sikhism teaches us to respect all life and treat everyone equally, because God is
inside all.
6. What Does Sikhism Say About Science and Creaon?
Sikhism does not reject science. It doesn’t give a xed “scienc” story like the Big Bang or
evoluon, but it doesn’t oppose it either.
• It focuses more on the spiritual truth behind creaon.
• It says that whatever science discovers, it is sll part of God’s creaon.
So, science explains how, but Sikhism explains why — because of God’s will.
7. Story Example: Bhai Gurdas Ji’s Analogy
Bhai Gurdas Ji, a great Sikh scholar, explained the concept of creaon through a simple
story-like example.
He said: Imagine a king who was sing on his throne alone. He wanted to see and enjoy his
own reecon. So, he created a beauful mirror (the world) and then looked into it to see
himself. This shows that God created the world to see His own reecon through His
creaon.
8. Important Points from Guru Granth Sahib Ji
Here are a few important lines from the Guru Granth Sahib that tell us about creaon:
• “Aapeenhai aap saajio aapeenhai rachio nao”
(He Himself created Himself, and gave Himself a Name.)
• “Jin eih rachna rachiee soee jaanai”
(Only the One who created this creaon truly knows how He created it.)
This shows that no human can fully understand the mystery of creaon — only Waheguru
knows how everything came to be.
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SECTION-B
3. Explain the concept of Hukam and Bhana.
Ans: Concept of Hukam and Bhana
(As explained in Sikhism)
In Sikhism, Hukam and Bhana are two very important spiritual concepts. If you understand
these two words properly, it becomes easier to understand the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev
Ji and the Sikh way of life. Let's learn about both words one by one, using simple words and
stories, just like how a student would understand.
What is Hukam?
The word “Hukam” means command, order, or divine will. In Sikhism, Hukam means the
order of God — the natural law or divine will by which the universe runs.
Guru Nanak Dev Ji starts the Guru Granth Sahib with the concept of Hukam in the Japji
Sahib:
“Hukam rajaaee chalnaa, Nanak likhiaa naal.”
(By God's Command, we walk according to His Will; O Nanak, it is wrien along with us.)
This line means that everything in the universe is happening according to God's command —
birth, death, weather, happiness, pain — everything.
Understanding Hukam with a Simple Example:
Imagine you are a student in school. The principal decides your school mings, your exam
dates, and holidays. You may not like exams, but you sll have to follow the principal’s
orders. In the same way, God is like the principal of this world, and we all are students. We
must live our lives according to God’s will (Hukam).
Hukam is not just one event
Hukam is not just about one event like someone geng sick or losing a job. It’s the whole
system. The sun rises and sets by Hukam. The trees grow, rivers ow, and babies are born —
all by God's command.
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A Spiritual Meaning of Hukam
Guru Nanak Dev Ji teaches that those who understand and accept Hukam become peaceful.
They don’t complain when something bad happens, because they believe everything
happens for a reason.
Story to Understand Hukam
Let’s take a story of a Sikh named Bhagat Singh.
Bhagat Singh was a devout Sikh. One day, he lost his job due to company downsizing. He was
very sad but said, "This must be God’s Hukam. Maybe something beer is waing for me."
He didn’t curse anyone or blame God. A few weeks later, he got a new job that paid more
and was closer to home. He realized that accepng God’s Hukam with paence brings peace.
What is Bhana?
The word “Bhana” means will, acceptance, or pleasure. In Sikhism, Bhana refers to accepng
God’s will with love, without complaining.
So, if Hukam is what God does, then Bhana is how we accept what God does.
Dierence between Hukam and Bhana:
Concept
Meaning
In Simple Words
Hukam
God’s command
What God decides
Bhana
Accepng God’s will
How we accept what God decides
Bhana is Acceptance with a Smile
When something bad happens and you say, “It’s okay. I accept this. God must have a plan,”
— that is Bhana. It is not just about accepng God’s will with a heavy heart, but accepng it
happily.
Story to Understand Bhana
Let’s take a story of a woman named Harpreet Kaur.
Harpreet was very excited because she was going to get married. But just a few weeks
before the wedding, the boy’s family broke the marriage. She was heartbroken. But she said
to herself, "This must be God's Bhana. Maybe it was not meant to be."
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Instead of crying every day, she focused on her studies. Later, she became a doctor and
married someone who truly respected her. She oen said, "When we accept God's Bhana,
something beer comes in return."
This story shows that when we accept God's will with love (Bhana), we don’t suer for long.
Teachings from Guru Granth Sahib about Bhana
Guru Arjan Dev Ji wrote:
“Tera bhana meetha laage.”
(Your will is sweet to me, O Lord.)
This means, “Even if I go through pain, I know it is Your decision, and I accept it lovingly.”
Why is Bhana Important in Sikhism?
1. Reduces Suering: If we don’t accept things, we suer more.
2. Brings Inner Peace: When we accept God’s decisions, our mind stays calm.
3. Shows Trust in God: Saying “Waheguru, I trust You” in every situaon is the highest
form of faith.
Another Example from Sikh History
Let’s talk about Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the 5th Guru.
He was tortured and made to sit on a hot plate by the Mughal emperor. Even in that pain,
Guru Ji said:
“Tera Bhana Meetha Laage.”
He accepted the pain as God’s will. He didn’t curse the king, didn’t run away, and didn’t ask
“Why me?” — He remained peaceful ll his last breath. This is the highest level of accepng
Bhana.
Real-Life Applicaon of Hukam and Bhana
Let’s imagine you're a student. You worked very hard for your exam but didn’t get good
marks. Now you have two choices:
Opon 1: Complain
• “This is unfair!”
• “Why did this happen to me?”
Opon 2: Accept Hukam and Bhana
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• “This result must be God’s Hukam.”
• “Maybe I need to learn something from this.”
• “I will try harder next me.”
If you choose Opon 2, you are following Sikh teachings.
Conclusion
In the end, we can say:
• Hukam means everything happens according to God's command.
• Bhana means we accept that command with love.
A true Sikh doesn’t just read Gurbani but lives according to Hukam and accepts Bhana
happily. It brings peace, happiness, and deep faith in Waheguru.
When you understand these two concepts, you start seeing life in a new way. You stop
complaining, and you start trusng God’s plan — and that’s the real message of Sikhism.
4. Describe the philosophy of Seva and write on the social funcons of Seva.
Ans: What is Seva? – A Basic Understanding
In simple words, Seva means seless service. It is when you do something for others without
expecng anything in return. Seva is an important part of Indian religions like Sikhism,
Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. The core idea behind Seva is helping others with love,
kindness, and humility.
Let’s say there is an old man trying to cross a busy road. If you stop and help him, even
though you don’t know him, and even though he cannot give you anything back – that is
Seva.
Philosophy of Seva – In Easy Words
The philosophy of Seva teaches us to serve others as a part of our spiritual duty. It is not just
helping someone; it is about growing spiritually by being kind and helpful to others.
According to this philosophy:
1. God lives in all beings – So, when you serve others, you are actually serving God.
2. True service is done without pride – You don’t show o your good deeds.
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3. Helping others helps your own soul grow – You become less selsh, more peaceful,
and more connected to others.
Story Example – Bhai Ghanaiya Ji (Sikhism)
One of the most famous examples of Seva comes from Sikh history.
Bhai Ghanaiya Ji was a Sikh who used to serve in Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s army. During a war,
he would carry water and give it to both wounded Sikhs and even the enemy soldiers.
Some Sikhs complained to Guru Gobind Singh Ji, saying, “He is helping the enemies!”
But Bhai Ghanaiya Ji replied, “I do not see enemy or friend. I only see humans who are hurt.
I see the Divine Light of God in everyone.”
Guru Gobind Singh Ji praised him and gave him medicine to connue his Seva. This shows
the true philosophy of Seva – to serve everyone equally, without hatred.
Types of Seva (Seless Service)
There are many ways to perform Seva. These include:
1. Tan (Physical Seva): Helping through your body – like cleaning a Gurudwara, helping
during natural disasters, carrying water for someone, etc.
2. Man (Mental Seva): Helping with your mind – like teaching someone, giving
emoonal support, or praying for others.
3. Dhan (Material Seva): Donang money, food, clothes, etc., for the welfare of others.
Philosophy Behind Seva – Broken Down for Students
Let’s understand the philosophy like students would in real life:
• When we do a group project, and we help our classmates who are weak in studies,
that’s a small form of Seva.
• When we teach our younger siblings without asking for rewards – it is Seva.
• When we help an old neighbor carry groceries – even if no one sees it – that is true
Seva.
So, the philosophy of Seva teaches us to live a meaningful life, not by only thinking of
ourselves, but by caring for others too.
Why Seva is Important in Society? (Social Funcons of Seva)
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Seva is not just a religious concept – it plays a very important role in building a healthy and
kind society. Let’s see some of the social funcons of Seva.
1. Creates Unity and Brotherhood
When people help each other, it creates a feeling of love, trust, and unity in the society.
People feel connected. It removes hatred and selshness.
Example: During oods in Kerala or earthquakes in Nepal, people from dierent religions
and countries came together to help. That’s Seva creang brotherhood.
2. Helps in Times of Crisis
During natural disasters, poverty, illness, or war, Seva becomes a life-saver. Volunteers and
NGOs provide food, shelter, and medical care. Many people survive because of such service.
Example: During COVID-19, many people distributed food packets, oxygen, and masks to
others. That was Seva.
3. Promotes Educaon and Awareness
Many people do Seva by teaching poor children, helping in rural schools, or organizing
awareness campaigns on health and hygiene. This improves society’s overall knowledge.
Example: A young girl named Priya started teaching poor children under a tree in her village
aer school. This is also Seva.
4. Maintains Cleanliness and Public Welfare
In many religious places like Gurudwaras, Temples, or even community centers, people
voluntarily clean the area, cook food in langars, or manage events. This keeps places clean
and organized.
Example: Sikh langars (community kitchens) are open to all people, rich or poor, of any
religion. Food is cooked and served by volunteers with love. This is a beauful social funcon
of Seva.
5. Develops Moral and Ethical Values
People who engage in Seva become more kind, paent, humble, and non-violent. They learn
to respect all human beings and live with simplicity.
Seva helps reduce the ego (pride), which is oen seen as a block in spiritual life.
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6. Supports the Needy and Vulnerable
Seva supports orphans, the elderly, the dierently-abled, and the poor. Without expecng
anything in return, such people are cared for with dignity and respect.
Example: An organizaon named “Goonj” in India collects used clothes and donates them to
poor villagers. That is Seva in acon.
Seva in Religious Places – A Social Example
In Sikhism:
• Seva is done in Gurudwaras where people clean shoes, serve langar, or wash dishes.
In Hinduism:
• Devotees clean temples, help during fesvals, and feed the poor.
In Islam:
• Helping the poor (Zakat) and feeding during Ramadan are considered Seva.
All these acvies not only help individuals but create a strong and kind community.
Conclusion – What We Learn from Seva
As students and young cizens of society, we can learn many valuable things from the
philosophy of Seva:
• It makes us less selsh and more responsible.
• It teaches us the value of equality – serving everyone without discriminaon.
• It creates peace and harmony in society.
• It is a spiritual path that connects us with the Divine.
Seva is not only about doing big things. Even a small act like oering water to someone,
smiling at a stranger, or helping a friend study can be Seva – if done selessly.
As the saying goes:
“Hands that serve are holier than lips that pray.”
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SECTION-C
5. Who is Guru as per Sikhism? Write a detailed note on the structure of Sri
Guru Granth Sahib.
Ans: In Sikhism, the word "Guru" has a very deep and spiritual meaning. It is not just a
teacher in the ordinary sense. The word Guru comes from two Sanskrit words:
• Gu = darkness
• Ru = light
So, Guru means the one who takes us from darkness to light — from ignorance to
knowledge, from falsehood to truth, and from confusion to clarity.
Meaning of Guru in Sikhism:
In Sikhism, Guru is not just a human being. Guru is the Divine Light, the guiding force of God.
A Guru is someone who helps people connect with Waheguru (God).
The rst Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji, explained this idea beaufully. He said:
"Satguru mera baerhi, laanghade bohai."
(My True Guru is like a boat, which helps me cross the worldly ocean.)
This shows that the Guru is a spiritual guide who helps us cross the ocean of life.
Types of Guru in Sikhism:
1. The Ten Human Gurus:
Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji in 1469. Aer him, there were nine more Gurus,
each passing on the Divine Light to the next Guru. They were:
o Guru Nanak Dev Ji
o Guru Angad Dev Ji
o Guru Amar Das Ji
o Guru Ram Das Ji
o Guru Arjan Dev Ji
o Guru Hargobind Ji
o Guru Har Rai Ji
o Guru Har Krishan Ji
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o Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
o Guru Gobind Singh Ji
These Gurus were not dierent in spirit. They shared the same divine light — they were like
dierent lamps lit by the same ame.
2. Guru Granth Sahib Ji – The Eternal Guru:
Aer the ten human Gurus, the Guru Granth Sahib Ji was declared the nal and eternal Guru
by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1708. Guru Ji said:
"Sab Sikhan ko hukam hai, Guru manyo Granth."
(It is the command for all Sikhs to consider the Granth as the Guru.)
This means Sikhs do not worship any human being as Guru aer Guru Gobind Singh Ji. The
Shabad (Word) in the Granth is the true Guru.
Story Example:
There is a beauful story from Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s life.
Before Guru Ji le his physical body, many Sikhs gathered and asked, “Maharaj, who will
guide us aer you?”
Guru Ji pointed to Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji and said, “This is your Guru now. Whenever you
are in doubt, seek answers from the Granth.”
This moment was like handing over a torch. Guru Gobind Singh Ji passed the divine wisdom
not to a person, but to a scripture full of divine words.
What Makes the Guru in Sikhism Unique?
• The Guru is not worshipped as God, but is respected as the way to reach God.
• The Guru in Sikhism is universal, not limited to one religion or community.
• The Guru connects everyone directly to Waheguru without needing a priest.
Part 2: Structure of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji
What is the Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji?
Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji is the central religious scripture of Sikhism. It is not just a book — it
is the living Guru for Sikhs. It contains the divine hymns (called Gurbani) of Sikh Gurus and
other saints from dierent religions and castes.
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It is wrien in the Gurmukhi script and has 1430 pages, called Angs (limbs), showing it is like
a living being.
Contents and Structure:
Let’s break the structure into simple parts:
1. Beginning – Japji Sahib and Mool Mantar:
• The Granth starts with the Mool Mantar:
"Ik Onkar, Satnam, Karta Purakh..."
This is the root verse that describes the nature of God: One, True, Creator, Fearless,
Timeless, etc.
• Aer this comes Japji Sahib, a long hymn by Guru Nanak Dev Ji, which acts like a
summary of the whole Sikh philosophy.
2. Raags (Musical Measures):
The Granth is divided into 31 main musical raags. Raag means a musical mode or melody.
Each hymn is placed under a raag because music helps in devoon.
For example:
• Raag Asa
• Raag Bilawal
• Raag Sorath
• Raag Todi
Each raag creates a specic mood — joy, sadness, peace, longing, etc.
3. Bani of Gurus:
The Granth includes Bani (hymns) of six Sikh Gurus:
• Guru Nanak Dev Ji
• Guru Angad Dev Ji
• Guru Amar Das Ji
• Guru Ram Das Ji
• Guru Arjan Dev Ji
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• Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
These hymns cover topics like devoon to God, equality, truth, honesty, humility, and
service.
4. Bani of Bhagats (Saints):
The Granth also contains hymns of 15 Hindu and Muslim saints, like:
• Bhagat Kabir Ji
• Bhagat Ravidas Ji
• Bhagat Namdev Ji
• Sheikh Farid Ji
This shows that Sikhism respects all faiths, and that anyone who loves God can be a saint.
5. Composions and Secons:
Some major composions inside Guru Granth Sahib Ji are:
• Japji Sahib – by Guru Nanak Dev Ji
• Sukhmani Sahib – by Guru Arjan Dev Ji
• Asa Di Vaar – spiritual morning prayer
• Anand Sahib – song of bliss
• Slokas and Vars – short verses and ballads
Each part has its own rhythm and spiritual theme.
6. Ending – Mundavani and Raagmala:
• The Granth ends with Mundavani (meaning “seal”), wrien by Guru Arjan Dev Ji. It
seals the scripture, showing nothing more is to be added.
• The nal secon is Raagmala, a lisng of musical raags. Some Sikhs read it as part of
the Granth, while others consider it a musical appendix.
Special Features of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji:
• No stories or miracles – only pure spiritual wisdom.
• Poetry and music combined – meant to be sung, not just read.
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• No human ego – Gurus refer to themselves as servants of God.
• Equality of all – includes wrings of people from all castes and religions.
Story Example:
Once, a Sikh wanted to know how to live a beer life. An elder told him: “Go to the Guru.”
He went to the Gurdwara, opened the Guru Granth Sahib Ji randomly, and read the verse:
"Naam japat sukh paaya."
(By remembering the Name, one nds peace.)
This simple message changed his life. He began meditang on Waheguru daily and found
peace.
Conclusion:
To conclude:
• In Sikhism, Guru is the light that guides us to God. It began with ten human Gurus
and connues today in the form of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, the eternal Guru.
• Guru Granth Sahib Ji is a unique scripture because it is treated as a living Guru, not
just a holy book. Its structure is poec, musical, and spiritual, covering diverse
teachings from various saints and Gurus.
It is a spiritual treasure chest, lled with wisdom for all humanity, regardless of religion,
caste, or background.
6. Write a descripve note on the process of compilaon of Sri Guru Granth Sahib.
Ans: Introducon
The Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the holy scripture of the Sikhs. It is not just a book of religious
teachings, but it is considered the eternal Guru by the followers of Sikhism. The compilaon
of this sacred scripture was a long and careful process led by the Sikh Gurus themselves,
mainly Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the h Sikh Guru.
To understand how this holy book came into being, imagine you are living in a me when
people didn’t have the internet, printers, or even proper books. The teachings were
preserved by oral tradion or handwrien by scribes. So, compiling such a huge book with
the true teachings of various saints, including Sikh Gurus and other bhagats (saints), was a
major task. But it was done with love, devoon, and a deep sense of responsibility.
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Let us explore this beauful process step-by-step, using stories and simple examples to make
it easier to understand.
1. The Need for Compilaon
When Guru Nanak Dev Ji started preaching his message of One God, equality, honest living,
and service to others, many people became his followers. His hymns (called shabads) were
so powerful and spiritual that they touched everyone’s hearts.
However, aer Guru Nanak Dev Ji, some people started changing his words or making fake
hymns and claiming they were wrien by Guru Ji. This connued to happen during the me
of the next Gurus too.
By the me Guru Arjan Dev Ji became the h Guru, there were many such fake wrings in
the name of the Gurus. This worried him. He wanted to preserve the true teachings and
protect the message of Sikhism from being corrupted.
Think of it like this: Imagine you wrote a diary, and aer you are gone, someone else writes
anything in it and says it's your wring. Wouldn't that feel wrong? That’s exactly what Guru
Arjan Dev Ji felt — that the real message of the Gurus should be kept safe.
2. The Beginning of the Compilaon
Guru Arjan Dev Ji decided to compile all the genuine wrings of the Gurus and respected
saints into one holy scripture. He sent out trusted Sikhs to collect hymns and verses that
were passed down from earlier Gurus or wrien down by followers.
One of the most important people in this work was Bhai Gurdas Ji, who acted as the main
scribe. Bhai Gurdas Ji was highly educated and devoted. He wrote down all the collected
verses under the guidance of Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
3. Inclusion of Wrings
Guru Arjan Dev Ji didn’t just include the wrings of the Sikh Gurus. He also included the
spiritual poetry of saints and bhagats from dierent religions and backgrounds like:
• Bhagat Kabir Ji – a weaver by profession but a true saint.
• Bhagat Ravidas Ji – from a lower caste but full of spiritual wisdom.
• Bhagat Namdev Ji, Bhagat Farid Ji, Bhagat Beni Ji, and many more.
Why include them? Because Sikhism believes in universal brotherhood. If the message was
about love, equality, and devoon to one God, it didn’t maer whether the writer was a
Hindu or Muslim. Guru Ji wanted everyone’s truthful voice to be heard.
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Imagine this like a bouquet of owers. Each ower (each saint’s wring) adds a dierent
color and fragrance. The Guru Granth Sahib became such a bouquet — full of divine wisdom
from dierent sources but bound together in the same spiritual thread.
4. The Role of Bhai Gurdas Ji
Bhai Gurdas Ji, as menoned before, played a very big role in this work. He worked day and
night, carefully wring down each word as Guru Arjan Dev Ji dictated. He made sure there
were no errors.
This version was completed around 1604. It was called the Adi Granth, meaning “First Book”.
It had around 1430 pages and contained the hymns of the rst ve Gurus, the bhagats, and
some Bhas (devotee poets).
5. The First Installaon at Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple)
Once the compilaon was complete, the Adi Granth was installed at Sri Harmandir Sahib
(Golden Temple) in Amritsar.
Another devoted Sikh, Baba Buddha Ji, was appointed as the rst Granthi — the person who
would read from the holy scripture.
From that day onwards, it was treated with the utmost respect. People would bow their
heads, listen to its teachings, and try to live by its guidance.
6. Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the Final Compilaon
The Adi Granth remained the holy scripture during the me of the later Gurus too. The tenth
Guru, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, made one nal and very important addion.
He added the hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the ninth Guru, into the Adi Granth. Then, in
1708, just before his death, Guru Gobind Singh Ji declared the Granth Sahib as the nal and
eternal Guru of the Sikhs.
He said:
"Sab Sikhan ko hukam hai, Guru Manyo Granth."
(All Sikhs are commanded to accept the Granth as their Guru.)
This nal version is what we now call Sri Guru Granth Sahib.
7. Language and Wring Style
The Guru Granth Sahib is wrien in Gurmukhi script, but it includes many languages like:
• Punjabi
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• Hindi
• Sanskrit
• Persian
• Marathi
The beauty of the text lies in its poec form. It uses various ragas (musical measures) which
means it is meant to be sung rather than just read. That is why in Gurdwaras, the shabads
are sung in kirtan form.
8. Unique Features
• It contains no mythological stories or supersons.
• It teaches universal values like truth, compassion, love, humility, and service.
• It shows the path to connect with God through Naam Simran (remembrance of God's
name).
• It respects all religions and does not preach hatred.
Conclusion
If you think of Sri Guru Granth Sahib as a spiritual library, it contains the best of wisdom from
various paths that all lead to one God. The process of its compilaon shows the hard work,
vision, and honesty of our Gurus. Guru Arjan Dev Ji's eorts gave us a treasure that will last
forever.
As a student, learning about this process teaches us some important lessons:
• The value of truth and authencity
• The importance of unity and equality
• How knowledge should be preserved and respected
• That true spirituality is about acons, not just rituals
The compilaon of Sri Guru Granth Sahib is one of the greatest spiritual projects ever
completed, and its message connues to guide millions even today.
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SECTION-D
7. Explain the concept of Sach Khand on the basis of Jap ji Sahib.
Ans: Introducon to the Concept of Sach Khand
In Sikhism, "Sach Khand" is a very important spiritual idea. The term Sach Khand comes from
two Punjabi words:
• “Sach” means truth
• “Khand” means realm or stage
So, Sach Khand means “The Realm of Truth.”
This idea comes from the very rst sacred composion of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, called Japji
Sahib, which is the opening bani (sacred prayer) of the Guru Granth Sahib. In Japji Sahib,
Guru Nanak Dev Ji describes a spiritual journey that a person takes to reach God.
The Journey through the Five Khands (Realms)
Before understanding Sach Khand, we must understand that Guru Nanak Ji talks about ve
stages of spiritual growth. These stages are like ve dierent worlds or levels that a soul goes
through on its journey to meet God.
These ve stages are called Panj Khands, and they are:
1. Dharam Khand – The Realm of Duty or Righteousness
2. Gian Khand – The Realm of Knowledge
3. Saram Khand – The Realm of Eort
4. Karam Khand – The Realm of Grace
5. Sach Khand – The Realm of Truth (the nal stage)
Now, let’s go step-by-step and nally focus in detail on Sach Khand.
Understanding the Realms (with a Story)
Let’s imagine a story to make it easier to understand.
The Story of a Raindrop’s Journey
Imagine a small raindrop that falls from the sky. It lands on a dirty street, but it wants to
return to the pure ocean from where it came.
The raindrop has to go through several stages:
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1. First, it learns its identy — that it is water from the ocean (Dharam Khand).
2. Then it gains knowledge about how to return (Gian Khand).
3. It begins to try hard to become clean (Saram Khand).
4. Aer eort, it receives grace and is picked up by the sun and becomes vapor (Karam
Khand).
5. Finally, it reaches the clouds and merges back into the ocean (Sach Khand).
Like this raindrop, our soul wants to return to God. The nal merging point, the nal
desnaon of the soul, is called Sach Khand.
What is Sach Khand?
In Japji Sahib, Guru Nanak Dev Ji says:
"Sach Khand vasai Nirankar, kar kar vekhai nadar nihal."
(Sach Khand is where the Formless One (God) resides, watching over everything with His kind
glance.)
This means that Sach Khand is the place where God lives. It is not a physical place like a city
or a country. It is a spiritual state, where there is only truth, purity, peace, and presence of
Waheguru (God).
Qualies of Sach Khand (As per Japji Sahib)
Let’s understand some beauful features of Sach Khand from Japji Sahib.
1. God Lives There (Nirankar)
• God is formless and pure.
• In Sach Khand, God is always present and acve.
• He watches over His creaon with love and kindness.
2. Endless Creaon
Guru Nanak says in Japji Sahib:
"Kita pasao eko kavao..."
(He created the universe with one word.)
• In Sach Khand, we realize the truth of how vast and deep God’s creaon is.
• There are endless worlds, galaxies, creatures, and all are created by God from His
one word.
3. Presence of Enlightened Beings
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Guru Ji says that in Sach Khand:
"Kathna kathan na aavai tot."
(The stories and praises of God never end there.)
It means, in Sach Khand, great souls, enlightened beings, bhagats (devotees), and angels are
present, always praising God.
They do not ght, they do not feel jealousy, hate, or anger. Everyone is full of peace, truth,
and love.
Story Example: The King’s Garden
Let’s understand Sach Khand with another short story:
There was once a king who had a beauful secret garden. But the garden was locked and
only special people could enter it. These people had to prove their truthfulness, hard work,
and pure hearts.
Similarly, Guru Nanak Ji says only those who follow the path of truth, seless service, and
devoon can reach Sach Khand, the “garden” of Waheguru.
How Can We Reach Sach Khand?
This is an important queson for every student or believer: How can I reach Sach Khand?
Here are the steps based on Japji Sahib:
1. Live a truthful life (Dharam)
o Do your dues honestly.
o Be kind and help others.
2. Gain spiritual knowledge (Gian)
o Learn about God through Guru’s teachings.
o Understand your purpose in life.
3. Work hard spiritually (Saram)
o Meditate on Waheguru’s name (Naam Simran).
o Control your desires and ego.
4. Receive God’s grace (Karam)
o Guru’s blessings come when you surrender.
o Be humble, not proud of your acons.
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5. Merge with God (Sach)
o This is the nal stage — no more birth or death.
o The soul becomes one with God, just like a drop merges in the ocean.
Why is Sach Khand Important?
1. It is the goal of life.
o Just like students want to pass exams and graduate, the soul wants to reach
Sach Khand to be free from pain and cycle of birth and death.
2. It gives hope.
o No maer how far we are from God, Guru Nanak Ji says we all can reach Sach
Khand if we follow the right path.
3. It gives meaning to human life.
o We are not just born to eat, sleep, and die.
o We are born to know God, serve others, and realize the truth.
Conclusion
Sach Khand, as described in Japji Sahib, is not just a place — it is a state of spiritual
perfecon. It is where the soul becomes one with God, free from pain, ego, and illusion.
Through the ve Khands, Guru Nanak Ji gives us a map — a beauful guide — to grow
spiritually and become pure like Waheguru. Just like a student moves from one class to the
next by studying and working hard, a soul also moves through these spiritual stages.
Sach Khand is the nal stage, the graduaon of the soul, the peaceful home where God lives,
and where the soul nds its true joy and peace.
8. Write detailed note on Anand Sahib.
Ans: Detailed Note on Anand Sahib ( )
Introducon
When we hear the word “Anand,” we think of happiness, peace, and joy. That’s exactly what
Anand Sahib brings – it is a beauful Sikh prayer wrien by Guru Amar Das Ji, the third Guru
of the Sikhs. The word “Anand” means bliss or complete spiritual happiness. This prayer
helps us understand how to reach that true Anand by connecng to Waheguru (God).
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Anand Sahib is not just a poem; it is a spiritual guide. Just like a teacher teaches a student
the way to succeed in life, Anand Sahib teaches us the way to eternal joy and peace, not just
worldly happiness.
About Guru Amar Das Ji – The Writer of Anand Sahib
Let’s rst understand who wrote Anand Sahib.
Guru Amar Das Ji became the third Guru at the age of 73. Yes, you heard that right – at 73
years old! That alone teaches us a lesson – it’s never too late to nd God or start a new
journey.
Guru Amar Das Ji spent many years serving Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second Guru. One day,
while fetching water for Guru Angad Dev Ji, he had a spiritual realizaon – he understood
that true joy comes from spiritual service, not from chasing material things.
That realizaon inspired him to write Anand Sahib – a path to true Anand (joy) that doesn’t
fade.
Structure of Anand Sahib
There are two versions of Anand Sahib:
1. Full Anand Sahib – 40 pauris (verses)
2. Short Anand Sahib – 6 selected pauris (commonly recited during daily prayers)
The full Anand Sahib is included in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, the holy book of Sikhs.
Meaning and Message of Anand Sahib
Let’s understand the main teachings of Anand Sahib in a very simple way, like a story a
teacher would tell a class.
Story Example – A King and His Search for Happiness
Imagine a king who had everything – gold, jewels, palaces, and servants. But he was sll sad
and could not sleep at night. So, he called his advisors and said, “Bring me Anand (joy).”
One advisor said, “Let’s build a new palace.”
Another said, “Let’s arrange for dancers and music.”
A third said, “Let’s conquer more kingdoms.”
The king did everything – but sll, no Anand.
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One day, a simple saint came to his court and said, “O King, Anand is not outside. It is within
you. You just have to connect to God, serve others, and remove your ego.”
That’s exactly what Anand Sahib teaches us.
Now, let’s explore the key teachings in detail.
Main Teachings of Anand Sahib (Explained Simply)
1. True Anand Comes from Naam (God’s Name)
Guru Ji says:
“Anand bhayaa meri maa, satguru mai paya.”
Which means: “O mother, I have found the true Guru, and I am lled with bliss.”
Guru Ji is showing us that nding the true Guru (Waheguru’s wisdom) gives us real
happiness.
Example: Imagine studying hard and nally understanding a tough math problem. That
feeling of “Yes! I got it!” is Anand. Now imagine that for your whole life – that’s what Guru Ji
is talking about.
2. Outer Pleasures Don’t Last
Guru Ji says that worldly pleasures are temporary. They seem sweet for a moment, but they
do not give everlasng peace.
Story Example: A child gets a new toy and is happy for a few days. But then he gets
bored and wants a new toy. In the same way, money, fame, and power don’t give us real
Anand.
Only the Naam (God’s name) brings eternal sasfacon.
3. Ego (Haumai) is the Biggest Barrier
Ego is like a wall between us and God. When we are full of “I, me, mine,” we forget Him.
Guru Ji says, only by humility and devoon can we break that wall.
Example: Imagine trying to see the sun while wearing black sunglasses. You won’t see
clearly. Ego is like those glasses – it blocks the light of God.
4. Guru is the Bridge Between Us and Waheguru
Guru Ji says we need a spiritual guide – a Guru who shows us the way.
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Story: If someone is lost in a forest, a guide is needed to show the path. Similarly, our
mind is lost in materialism, and Guru is the only one who can take us to spiritual joy.
5. True Wisdom Comes from Listening (Suniai)
Anand Sahib explains the importance of listening to Gurbani (God’s Word) with faith and
aenon.
Guru Ji repeats:
“Suniai, manan, liv laae.”
Which means: “By listening, accepng, and focusing your love on God, you gain spiritual
wisdom.”
Example: A student who listens carefully in class, understands more than one who just
memorizes. Same with spirituality – listen with the heart, not just the ears.
Anand Sahib in Sikh Pracce
In daily Sikh life:
• Short Anand Sahib (6 pauris) is recited during Nitnem (daily prayer)
• Full Anand Sahib (40 pauris) is sung at Gurudwaras during special events like:
o Aer Akhand Path
o At weddings
o During Amrit Sanchar (bapsm ceremony)
It brings a spiritual calmness and reminds Sikhs of their path to God-realizaon.
Simple Moral Lessons from Anand Sahib
Here’s what a student can learn from it:
Lesson
Meaning in Simple Words
Real joy comes from inside, not outside
Don’t run behind material things
Follow the Guru’s teachings
They are your roadmap to peace
Control your ego
Be humble and loving
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Listen to God’s word daily
Like aending a good class for the soul
Remember God always
Stay connected for lifelong joy
Conclusion
Anand Sahib is not just a religious prayer. It is a life-changing guide. It teaches us:
• What real happiness is
• How to nd it
• How to keep it forever
Even though it was wrien over 400 years ago, its teachings are sll relevant today. As
students, we should not only read Anand Sahib, but try to live its message in our daily lives.
Whenever you feel sad, lost, or stressed, read or listen to Anand Sahib. It’s like medicine for
the mind and soul.
“This paper has been carefully prepared for educaonal purposes. If you noce any mistakes or
have suggesons, feel free to share your feedback.”
